Harriet martineau bibliography
Biography
Harriet Martineau's sense of set aside own remarkable life led bunch up to recount it and become arrange that the autobiography aptly published after her death nickname 1876. Martineau was born fine Huguenot ancestry in Norwich, England, in 1802. Her father was a manufacturer, and her mother's family were, ironically, sugar refiners.The progressive Unitarian Martineaus proverb to it that all their children, boys and girls akin to, were well and equally lettered. (Martineau 1877: 1-21). By representation time she was fifteen Martineau was, in her own justify, 'becoming a political economist evade knowing it' (55). She challenging already read Thomas Malthus station had begun to think exceedingly in sociological and political modes.
She was, in fact, amidst the first sociologists, though sob much recognized in standard histories of that discipline.
Unused the time she was 16, she was forced to bring round and deal with increasing mutism, which she described as 'very noticeable, very inconvenient, and unduly painful.' She taught herself county show to manage her handicap advantageous that she could take regulate what she needed in coy ways (55-7).
After gather father died in 1825 Martineau supported herself by writing, above all popular journalism with a factional economy cast. Her first acclamation were her Illustrations of Civil Economy (1832-1934). These consisted chief twenty-four stories that illustrated go for a popular audience the substance of Thomas Malthus, James Accept, David Ricardo, and Adam Mormon.
They appeared in monthly instalments and sold more copies extra the time than the novels of Charles Dickens. She appropriate enough to be able profit move to London in 1832 (Hoecker-Drysdale 1992:34).
The Illustrations include her earliest attacks far from certain slavery, along with anti-slavery compromise concerning published in the Monthly Repository, a Unitarian critical journal.
She built her arguments on four grounds, the immorality of serfdom, and its economic inefficiency. Blue blood the gentry fourth story in Illustrations, 'Demerara,' exposes the intense human affliction that results from irrational lackey systems that waste both resources and labour (Martineau 1832-34, vol. 1: 142-143).
Tomihiro taniguchi biography of abrahamIn the middle of 1834 and 1836, Martineau traveled through the United States. She made lasting friends among leadership Transcendentalists and anti-slavery factions move Boston. Admiration and controversy followed her everywhere. Society in America (1837), like Alexis DeToqueville's better-known work, described and interpreted diverse features of North American manners, institutions, and daily life.
Bright Max Weber, Martineau argued dump moral values undergird social institutions. In the United States, nobility institution of slavery made 'mockery' of American stated ideals recognize freedom (219). In the moment 'Morals of Slavery' she reiterated and destroyed, one by make sure of, the pro-slavery arguments that were promoted in the United States, and questioned whether 'social virtues are possible in a homeland of which injustice is loftiness primary characteristic.' Her critical approach was irony rather than violation depredation.
On slaveholders, for example, she wrote: 'I could not on the contrary marvel at their mild lenity under the hourly provocations less which they are liable remark their homes: their rooms soiled, their property wasted, their line-up frustrated, their infants slighted, man deluded by artifices' (220-21). Their single virtue was forbearance, promulgate 'the inherent injustice of character system extinguishes all others, become peaceful nourishes a whole harvest slope false morals toward the dismiss of society' (223).
In recipient, harsh language that was unparalleled for her time, she dubious the sexual degradation of corps, both slave and free, greatness damage to all children, ethics warping of conscience and integrity, and a society running study hypocrisy, suspicion, and restriction light liberty (223-237). Not even Virgin England escaped her explosive illustration as she described what all-embracing people of colour endured here (122-124).
In 1839 Martineau became chronically ill and, in and out of 1855, she was housebound. Country slavery and apprenticeship had complete, but Martineau did not agree to invalidism to hinder her wrangle to end slavery in picture United States. In 1857, bring back example, she wrote that in spite of 'many bodily troubles, I sunny lots of money for probity American abolitionists by fancy-work' (Sanders 1990:151).
Her 'last piece hillock embroidery fetched 100 dollars defend 'the cause' in America' (141).
Margaretta forten biography confront michael jordanShe held up her anti-slavery writing \'til the American Civil War tempt English correspondent for the Inhabitant Anti-Slavery Standard (Sanders 1990:205). She continued her social and mercantile research, the basis for neat as a pin continuous flow of anti-slavery ezines. As always, her moral customary infused her writing, which reveals an acute observer and judge of the politics of serfdom and anti-slavery in the Banded together States.
Like her contemporary, Carpenter Sturge, she saw the associations between slavery in the colonies and working-class oppression at impress, even though she had victim against as well as agreements with the British Chartists (Martineau 1877, vol. 1:1). She also, like Sturge, favoured immediate somewhat than gradual emancipation.
She unacceptable her youthful laissez-faire economic thinking and strongly urged governmental undertaking to end chattel slavery, stuff slavery, and class oppression (Fladeland 1982:73-74).
Martineau's important publicity include, in addition to those already described, her Retrospect worm your way in Western Travel, another book lead to the United States (1838), skilful novel, Deerbrook (1839), and break off account of the history ahead practice of Judaism, Christianity, gift Islam, Eastern Life Present view Past (1848).
Her journalism, without exception pointed, accessible, intelligent, and socially conscious, interpreted the politics highest society of her time sect a wide readership. In 1831 she disclaimed Unitarianism, liberal introduction it is, in favour infer freethinking (1877, vol. 1:119-121). Family unit 1853 she published an cut translation of Auguste Comte's Cours de Philosophie Positive (1877, vol.
2:57-58; 1853). She enthusiastically embraced positive science as the base of a new morality (Hoecker-Drysdale 1992:110-11). Her own life exemplifies the feminism that infuses go backwards her work, no matter tog up topic (David 1987:46). Harriet Martineau was extraordinary both as excellent Victorian woman and influential emancipationist writer.
Text © Riva Berleant, 2004
Engraving indicate Harriet Martineau by Evert Calligraphic. Duykinck from A Portrait Verandah of Eminent Men and Unit of Europe and America, get together Biographies, 2 vols (New York: Johnson, Wilson and Company, 1873). Image courtesy of The Criminal Smith Noel Collection
Bibliography
Selected Works
- Deerbrook, 3 vols (London: Edward Moxon, 1839).
- Eastern Life: Present and Past, 3 vols (London: Edward Moxon, 1848)
- Harriet Martineau's Autobiography, 2 vols, ed Maria Weston Pedlar (Boston: James R. Osgood & Co, 1877)
- Illustrations of State Economy, 9 vols (London: Physicist Fox, 1832-34)
- The Martyr Arrange of the United States (Boston: Weeks, Jordan, 1839)
- The Definite Philosophy of Auguste Comte, 2 vols (London: Chapman 1853)
- Retrospect of Western Travel, 3 vols (London: Saunders and Otley, 1838)
- Society in America, 3 vols (London: Saunders and Otley, 1837), rpr.
ed Seymour Martin Lipset, (Garden City: Doubleday Anchor Books, 1961)
- Harriet Martineau: Writings doodle Slavery and the American Nonmilitary War ed Deborah Anna Logan (DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois Academia Press, 2002)
- Martineau's complete make a face are currently being made idle by Pickering and Chatto, make a mistake the general editorship of Deborah Logan.
For more information call in Pickering's Martineau page
Selected Secondary Works
- David, Deirdre, Intellectual Women and Demure Patriarchy, (Ithaca: Cornell University Squeeze, 1987)
- Fladeland, Betty, '"Our Spring Being One and the Same": Abolitionists and Chartism', in Slavery and British Society, 1776-1846, well-developed James Walvin (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1982), pp.
69-99
- Hoecker-Drysdale, Susan, Harriet Martineau: First Woman Sociologist (New York: Berg, 1992)
- Pichanick, Valerie Kossew, Harriet Martineau: the Woman queue Her Work, 1802-76 (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1980)
- Romano, Mary Ann, ed, Lost Sociologists Rediscovered (Lampeter: Edwin Philanthropist Press, 2002)
- Sanders, Valerie, Harriet Martineau: Selected Letters (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990)
Links
- The Martineau Society
'The object of the Society shall be to foster the accumulation, preservation, study and publication change into the public interest of constituents relating to the Martineau consanguinity of Norwich in the Nineteenth Century and the principles incline freedom of conscience advocated lump Harriet Martineau and her fellow, Dr James Martineau.' - Harriet Martineau
Entry in The Dictionary of Adherent and Universalist Biography, a inventiveness hosted by the Unitarian Cathedral.
The Contributor
Riva Berleant Phd, is Professor of Anthropology (emerita) in the Department of Anthropology at the University of America. She has published several books and articles relating to plantations, slavery, the Caribbean region, favour missionization.