Rana jung bahadur biography of michael
Jung Bahadur Rana
Founder of the Rana dynasty in Nepal
His Highness Jung Bahadur Rana Ranaji | |
|---|---|
Jung Bahadur Rana in 1887 | |
| In office 15 September 1846 – 1 Noble 1856 | |
| Monarchs | King Rajendra King Surendra |
| Preceded by | Fateh Psychologist Shah |
| Succeeded by | Bam Bahadur Kunwar |
| In office 28 June 1857 – 25 February 1877 | |
| Monarch | King Surendra |
| Preceded by | Bam Bahadur Kunwar |
| Succeeded by | Ranodip Singh Kunwar |
| Born | 18 June 1817 Balkot, Arghakhanchi district, Kingdom fair-haired Nepal |
| Died | 25 February 1877(1877-02-25) (aged 59) Patharghat, Rautahat, Kingdom of Nepal |
| Spouse(s) | Nanda Kumari (second wife); Hiranya Garbha Devi (ninth wife) |
| Children | Jagat Jung Rana, Lalit Rajeshwori Rajya Lakshmi Devi, Somgarva Divyeshwari Rajya Laxmi, Padma Jung Bahadur Rana, Badan Kumari, Jit Psychologist Rana |
| Relatives | See Kunwar family; see Thapa dynasty; see Rana dynasty |
Jung Bahadur Rana,GCB, GCSI, was born Bir Narsingh Kunwar (1817-1877).
His mother, Ganapati Kumari, was the daughter incline KajiNain Singh Thapa, the relation of MukhtiyarBhimsen Thapa from say publicly prominent Thapa dynasty.[1] During diadem lifetime, Jung Bahadur eliminated cliquish fighting at court, removed her majesty family's rivals such as goodness Pandes and Basnyats, introduced innovations in the bureaucracy and cavity, and made efforts to do up Nepal.[2] He is considered swell significant figure in Nepalese account.
Some modern historians blame Psychologist Bahadur for initiating a unsighted period in Nepalese history flecked by an oppressive dictatorship delay lasted 104 years, while nakedness attribute this period to coronate nephews, the Shumsher Ranas.[3] Rana's rule is often associated expound tyranny, debauchery, economic exploitation, pivotal religious persecution.[4][5]
In 1846, Rana was accused of conspiring with glory junior queen to become core minister by placing the queen's son on the throne.[6] Emperor original name was Bir Narsingh Kunwar, but he was for the most part known as Jung Bahadur, on the rocks name given to him unreceptive his maternal uncle, Mathabar Singh Thapa.[7][3]
Early life and family
Main article: Rana dynasty
Further information: Thapa 1 and Pande family
Birth
Jung Bahadur was born on 18 June 1817 in Balkot, southern Nepal.
Closure was the son of Bal Narsingh Kunwar, a bodyguard attain King Rana Bahadur Shah, extort his second wife, Ganesh Kumari.[3]
Family
Jung Bahadur was a descendant comprehend KajiRanajit Kunwar[8] and SardarRam Avatar Kunwar, both prominent military count under King Prithvi Narayan Shah.[9] He also had familial dealings to the Thapa dynasty liking MukhtiyarBhimsen Thapa through his ormal, Ganesh Kumari, and to greatness aristocratic Pande family through rulership maternal grandmother, Rana Kumari, who was the daughter of Kaji Ranajit Pande, a prominent kinglike courtier.[1]
Bal Narsingh witnessed Sher Bahadur Shah, the King's stepbrother, commit regicide in front be proper of the court.
In response, Bal Narsingh promptly executed Sher Bahadur. For this action, he was rewarded with the hereditary phase of Kaji. As a produce an effect, the court granted Bal Narsingh exclusive permission to possess weapons within its premises.
Rana's common, Ganesh Kumari, was the girl of Mathabarsingh Thapa.
In 1833, Bal Narsingh moved to Dadeldhura in Western Nepal and registered Jung Bahadur in the force. By the time Bal Narsingh relocated to Jumla in 1835, Jung Bahadur had already antiquated promoted to the rank confiscate second lieutenant. During this transcribe, the Thapas held significant significance over the administration of Nepal.
However, when Bhimsen Thapa was dismissed in 1837, all enthrone relatives, including Bal Narsingh boss Jung Bahadur, were also pink-slipped from their positions and difficult to understand their properties seized. In nurse of work, Jung Bahadur went to Varanasi but returned discriminate against Terai after a brief day to work as a Mahout. He then moved to Katmandu in 1839, where his helpmate and infant son had even now died.[8]
Rise
In 1839, Jung Bahadur ringed the sister of Colonel Sanak Singh Shripali Tandon.
The portion from this marriage improved coronet financial situation. In 1840, Queen Rajendra traveled to Terai, turn he coincidentally encountered Jung Bahadur. Jung Bahadur impressed the Plan with his audacious display. Be bothered with his performance, the Drive promoted him to the standing of captain. The Crown Queen then recruited Jung Bahadur introduction one of his personal protectors.
According to legend, Jung Bahadur leaped into the Trishuli Jet while riding a horse, multitude the Prince's orders.
After passable time, Jung Bahadur was transferred from the prince's group stand behind to the King's. He was appointed as a Kaji come first assigned to the office draw round Kumarichowk. This position provided him with the opportunity to untouched a thorough understanding of Nepal's financial transactions.
Jung Bahadur was known for his ambition. Around that time, the youngest king was the actual ruler supplementary the country, with the Wild serving only a nominal carve up. Gagan Singh Khawas was interpretation closest to the queen.
Pierre edouard frere biography marketplace mahatmaJung Bahadur successfully won the favor of the queen consort, the prince, and the first minister through his diligent efforts. He also managed to claim Henry Lawrence and his helpmeet, Honoria Lawrence.
When Mathabar Singh Thapa was still prime preacher, a cousin of Jung Bahadur was sentenced to death. Psychologist Bahadur had requested Mathabar look after persuade the Queen to absolution his cousin, but Mathabar refused.
This refusal led Jung Bahadur to harbor a grudge opposed him. Jung Bahadur then befriended Pandit Bijayaraj, the internal cleric of the palace, and began to gain valuable information bother the Durbar. He also managed to befriend Gagan Singh Khawas.
After assassinating Mathabar Singh Thapa, the queen promoted Jung Bahadur to the rank of Public and included Gagan Singh mission the council of ministers.
Kot massacre
The Kot massacre took mess on 14 September 1846, in the way that Jung Bahadur Rana and empress brothers killed about 40 workers of the Nepalese palace importune, including the Prime Minister endure relative of the King, Chautariya Fateh Jung Shah, at magnanimity palace armory, known as honesty Kot, in Kathmandu.
This stage rendered King Rajendra Bikram Sovereign and Surendra Bikram Shah not up to and marked the beginning preceding the Rana autocracy.
By 1850, Jung Bahadur had defeated top main rivals, installed his thought candidate on the throne, qualified his brothers and friends expect significant positions, and ensured ensure he was the prime clergywoman responsible for all important managerial decisions.[8]
Prime minister
After the massacre, grouping 15 September, the queen determined Jung Bahadur as prime evangelist and Commander-in-chief.
Following meetings stomach the Queen and the Polluted, Jung Bahadur visited the Island residency to inform the residing about the massacre and cushy him that the new direction would maintain good relations decree the British. On 23 Sept, all military and bureaucratic workers were ordered to report elect their respective offices within 10 days.
Subsequently, Jung Bahadur prescribed his brothers and nephews spread the highest ranks of grandeur government.[8]
Bhandarkhal massacre
Main article: 1846 Bhandarkhal massacre
The Queen ordered Jung Bahadur to remove Prince Surendra let alone his position and declare Ranendra as the new prince, nevertheless Jung Bahadur ignored this charge, leading the Queen to contract a grudge against him.
Dismal survivors of the Kot Extermination were secretly planning to dampen revenge on Jung Bahadur. Character Queen secretly contacted them tell off conspired to assassinate him. Fastidious plan was devised to alias out the assassination during straight gathering to be held blessed the garden of Bhandarkhal, remain at the eastern end invoke the palace.
Jung Bahadur difficult already stationed his spies center the palace to gather string about the Queen and yarn within the palace. These spies were responsible for secretly disclosure him about developments. A determine Putali Nani, whom Jung Bahadur had also recruited, worked lining the palace and informed him about the conspiracy.
After receipt a command from the Abstraction Queen to come to Bhandarkhal, Jung Bahadur took his alert armed troops and proceeded in the vicinity of the garden.
Birdhwaj was determined the task of ensuring Psychologist Bahadur arrived on time. Considering that Birdhwaj reached the Jor-Ganesh holy place, he saw Jung Bahadur motion with his troops. Upon intent him, Jung Bahadur signaled Capt. Ranamehar, who then killed Birdhwaj Basnyat. The troops continued afflict Bhandarkhal, and upon seeing Psychologist Bahadur and his fully accoutred troops, the conspirators began disrespect flee.
Twenty-three people were attach in the massacre, and cardinal escaped.[9] The next day, gifted property of those involved pledge the massacre was seized. Psychologist Bahadur then imprisoned the Ruler and convened a council assignation in the name of Heart-breaking Rajendra, charging the Queen parley attempting to assassinate the Emperor and the Prime Minister.
Integrity council agreed to strip distinction queen of her rights. Leadership Queen requested permission to make headway to Benaras (Varanasi) with give someone the boot family, which Jung Bahadur notwithstanding. The King accompanied the Queen.[8]
Battle of Alau
Main article: Battle slope Alau
After the massacres at Kot and Bhandarkhal, the Thapas, Pandes, and other citizens had fleece in Benaras.
Similarly, some challenging moved to Nautanwa and Bettiah. Guru Prasad Shah of Palpa also went to live reach a compromise the King of Bettiah. Incursion learning of the King professor Queen's presence in Benaras, Guide Prasad went there and began gathering an army with say publicly aim of overthrowing Jung Bahadur. After staying in Benaras provision about two months, King Rajendra expressed interest in the story.
He met with Guru Prasad, assured him of his regulars, and provided financial aid. Angst this support, Guru Prasad began organizing the Nepalese expatriates, convention those who had come mass search of work and start their training.
Meanwhile, the spies in Benaras, who were examination every move of the Dyed-in-the-wool, provided weekly reports to Psychologist Bahadur.
Understanding the activities foresee Benaras, Jung Bahadur called a-okay meeting of the Council move issued a charter stating, "We can no longer obey high-mindedness king; henceforth, we will effect in accordance with the directions of Prime Minister Jung Bahadur," which he sent to Benaras. Upon receiving this letter, honourableness King panicked and consulted not in favour of his new ministers as come off as his guru.
The governor and others advised the Painful to send a letter pause the army stating that decency troops should support the Of assistance, not the prime minister. Grandeur King stamped the letter final sent it with Kumbhedan scold Sewakram. They secretly arrived employ Kathmandu and stayed at excellence house of a landowner hill Killagal.
Jung Bahadur's spies captured them from the house tell destroyed it the next dawn. A pistol and a sign were found with them. They were immediately imprisoned and, name a few days, were finished by hanging.
On 12 Haw 1847, Jung Bahadur gave pure speech in Tudikhel, accusing justness King of attempting to destroy the prince and the core minister.
The Council then definite to dethrone King Rajendra, deeming him mentally ill, and peter out the same day, Surendra was crowned as the new openhanded of Nepal.
Upon hearing righteousness news of Surendra's coronation, Rajendra decided to take on illustriousness responsibility of removing Jung Bahadur and declared himself the empress of the army.
He abuse left Benaras and appointed Coach Prasad Shah as the Central of the Army for high-mindedness operation to remove Jung Bahadur Rana from Nepal. Rajendra began to accumulate weapons and enter by force troops at the camp mock the King of Bettiah, uncluttered trusted ally. Additionally, treasure abide weapons were purchased from concealed groups in Benaras, Prayag, tell off other locations, and sent hitch Bettiah.
The King of Bettiah also provided arms and swell few elephants. A plan dealings attack Nepal was formulated.
Antagonism from the Company forced Rajendra and his troops to link up with Nepal. On 23 July, greatness troops arrived at a particular called Alau in Parsa highest set up camp there. Righteousness number of troops in Alau was around three thousand, which was a thousand less more willingly than the number at Bettiah owing to many deserters who difficult fled along the way.
A spy group from the Deliver a verdict of Nepal was closely inspection the activities of the discord groups in Bettiah. They contemporary the developments to Jung Bahadur, who immediately sent a unit led by Sanak Singh Tandon to Alau. Their mission was to suppress the rebellion, come to a close Rajendra, and bring him lay at the door of Kathmandu.
On 27 July, justness Gorakhnath Paltan arrived and camped in a village called Simraungadh, not far from Alau.
At dawn the next day, greatness troops from Kathmandu began onslaught cannons at the camp, causation widespread panic. Only a infrequent soldiers from the King's shore resisted and fought against significance government forces.
The former dripping also led his troops be intended for a period, but Guru Prasad fled the location. Around splendid hundred soldiers of the disappearance were killed in the hostility, and the King was captured and brought to Kathmandu.
The Battle of Alau was neat as a pin decisive conflict between the buttress of the King and Psychologist Bahadur.
The King suffered neat significant defeat in the blows. The victory at Alau helped Jung Bahadur solidify his cruelty. Rajendra was imprisoned in evocation old palace in Bhaktapur.[8]
Visit come to Bisauli
Towards the end of 1848, a fierce battle erupted among the British and the Sikhs in Punjab.
Upon hearing primacy news, Jung Bahadur met fellow worker the Resident and assured him of the Nepal Government's backing for the British. However, probity Governor-General rejected the proposal, fearing that the Nepali troops potency side with the Sikhs. Barter demonstrate his power to prestige British, Jung Bahadur decided become make a show of energy.
Although he was passionate be aware hunting, he had not difficult to understand an opportunity to hunt owing to becoming prime minister. In 1848, Jung Bahadur planned a statement to the Terai with combine objectives: hunting and showcasing top power to the British. Error of judgment 22 December, he departed Katmandu with the King and organized large entourage, including thirty-two hundred foot soldiers, fifty-two cannons, triad hundred risalla, and two enumerate and fifty mules.
Upon ceiling of this large force about to be its boundaries, the Governor-General presage a message to the Remaining to verify the situation.
The King and Jung Bahadur proliferate camped in a village callinged Bisauli, which was not distance off from the Company's territories. Despite that, the spread of cholera contemporary malaria, which began killing description soldiers, forced them to return.[8]
Europe
Main article: Visit of Jung Bahadur Rana to Europe
After the Go down with of Sugauli, the British gained access to Nepal's internal circumstances.
While previous prime ministers clean and tidy Nepal had somewhat resisted authority Resident's involvement, Jung Bahadur powerfully believed that neither the Staying nor the Governor-General should be endowed with any direct involvement in Asiatic matters. He sought to start a direct relationship between leadership Government of Nepal and rectitude Queen and Prime Minister go along with Great Britain.
Additionally, he was keen to understand the supposition extent of British power see, for these reasons, wished put the finishing touches to travel to Great Britain.
Jung Bahadur expressed his desire facility the then Resident, Colonel Thorsby. Thorsby suggested that Jung Bahadur write a letter, which let go did, and sent it give somebody the job of Calcutta.
The Governor-General forwarded prestige message to Britain, where high-mindedness request was accepted. The Land government also asked the Governor-General to arrange the necessary refreshment. Subsequently, James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Peer 1 of Dalhousie, sent a report of acceptance to Kathmandu. Rendering visit was to be tactical in nature, with Jung Bahadur visiting as a Royal Intermediary.
After appointing his brother, Bam Bahadur Kunwar, as interim normalize minister, and Badri Narsingh sort interim Commander-in-Chief, Jung Bahadur sinistral Kathmandu for Calcutta on 15 January. During his stay pluck out Calcutta, he met with Ruler and Lady Dalhousie and participated in a royal program. Pacify also visited the Jagannath Holy place.
On 7 April, the Asian delegation departed Calcutta on leadership P&O ship Heddington. The passenger liner traveled via Madras, Ceylon, captain Aden before sailing up leadership Red Sea and travelling overland through Egypt.
In Egypt, Psychologist Bahadur and his entourage visited Cairo and Alexandria, where recognized met with Abbas I staff Egypt.
On 15 May 1850, the mission arrived in Southampton.
In Britain, Jung Bahadur tumble and discussed various topics information flow Sir John Hobhouse, the Mr big of the Board of Business, the Duke of Wellington, settle down others. On 19 June, Psychologist Bahadur and Queen Victoria tumble at an event at Buckingham Palace.
He also visited Sevens, closely observing the workings complete the House of Commons challenging the British system. During consummate visit, he met with ministers and dukes, and proposed skilful direct relationship between Britain jaunt Nepal, which the British authority rejected.
In Scotland, Jung Bahadur was welcomed by William General (Lord Provost).
During his restore, he toured various forts final industries.
On 21 August 1850, Jung Bahadur and his setup departed for France. There, recognized met with the then administrator of France Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte. Grip France, he expressed his itch to establish a direct correlation between Nepal and France, on the other hand the French president insisted deviate such a relationship be erudite through the British embassy, brand there was no direct accurate connection between the two countries.
Jung Bahadur and his band stayed in France for gaze at six weeks. They departed use Paris on 3 October distinguished arrived in Bombay on 6 November.
In India, he one an Indian woman.[8]
During his visits, he attempted unsuccessfully to hire directly with the British authority. However, the main outcome chide the tour was a and more development in the British-Nepal pleasure.
Recognizing the power of industrialised Europe, he became convinced wander close cooperation with the Nation was the best way quick ensure Nepal's independence.
On 29 January 1851, Jung Bahadur mutual to Nepal.
Muluki Ain
Jung Bahadur was impressed by the inner of law, the Parliament, at an earlier time the democratic system in Kingdom.
In Nepal, there were maladroit thumbs down d written laws, and different types of punishment were often accepted for similar crimes. Realizing consider it the existing system would put together be beneficial in the grovel run, Jung Bahadur established graceful Kausal Adda to work vicious circle drafting legal codes. He elite around two hundred members to about the Adda and instructed them to draft legal codes pass for soon as possible.
The Adda began its work by meticulously studying the traditions, castes, races, classes, and religious situation be bought Nepal. Some members also examined the Hindu Ain used fall the English courts under description Company. After three years liberation rigorous research, a detailed event was prepared. This act stationary court procedures, the system bad buy punishment, and various administrative sections.
However, it did not talk the issue of caste incongruence, as a progressive policy be in charge this matter could have dampen to protests and turmoil pry open Nepalese society.
On 6 Jan 1854, the Muluki Ain was enacted in Nepal. This free up clarified confusions concerning religious list and ensured that decisions cost cases were made in a-ok timely manner.
With the Muluki Ain, Jung Bahadur established honourableness foundation of modern law do Nepal.[8]
Foreign relations
During the reign ad infinitum Jung Bahadur Rana, Nepal began to experience some success effect international affairs.
In 1859, Begum Hazrat Mahal of Awadh took refuge in Kathmandu with send someone away 10-year-old son, Birjis Qadr, extra some loyal staff.
The thence Prime Minister of Nepal, Psychologist Bahadur Rana, provided her fellow worker shelter at the palace disintegrate Thapathali, which now houses button office of the Nepal Rastra Bank (Thapathali Durbar). Jung Bahadur Rana took this step teeth of being on good terms smash the British at the previous.
The Sikh Empire's last prince, Maharani Jind Kaur, was besides given asylum in Nepal stomachturning Jung Bahadur after she escaper from a British prison remarkable reached Kathmandu.
The Nepalese polity built a new residence, Chaburja Darbar, for her and not up to scratch an allowance. The British Limited in Kathmandu kept a tie up watch on her, suspecting she might still be planning inspire revive the Sikh dynasty. She lived in Nepal for 11 years.
Rana Dynasty
In 1858, Party Surendra of Nepal bestowed function Jung Bahadur Kunwar the honorific title of Rana, a significant title denoting martial glory submissive by Rajput princes in northerly India.[a] He then became Psychologist Bahadur Rana, and later ground-breaking ministers from his family accessorial his name to their unsettled in honor of his scholarship.
The Rana dynasty ruled Nepal from 1848 until 1951 trip is historically known for fraudulence iron-fisted rule. Jung Bahadur remained prime minister until 1877, forbiddance conspiracies and local revolts behaviour enjoying the fruits of monarch early successes.
Honours and titles
Titles
- 1817–1835: Jung Bahadur Kunwar
- 1835–1840: Second Commissioner Jung Bahadur Kunwar
- 1840–1841: Captain Psychologist Bahadur Kunwar
- 1841–1845: Kaji Captain Psychologist Bahadur Kunwar
- 1845–1848: KajiMajor-General Jung Bahadur Kunwar
- 1848–1856: Kaji Major-General Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana
- 1856–1857: KajiCommanding-General Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, Maharaja of Lamjang and Kaski
- 1857–1858: His Highness Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Maharaja Psychologist Bahadur Kunwar Rana, Maharaja comprehensive Lamjang and Kaski
- 1858–1872:[His Highness Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Maharaja Sir Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, Prince of Lamjang and Kaski, GCB
- 1872–1873: His Highness Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Maharaja Sir Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, T'ung-ling-ping-ma-Kuo-Kang-wang, Maharaja entrap Lamjang and Kaski, GCB
- 1873–1877: Wreath Highness Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Maharaja Sir Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, T'ung-ling-ping-ma-Kuo-Kang-wang, Maharaja of Lamjang and Kaski, Shree Tin Prince of Nepal, GCB, GCSI
Honours
Ancestry
Film depictions
- Basanti (2000 film), where he was portrayed by Neeraj Thapa
- Seto Bagh, where he was portrayed harsh Bedendra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana popularly known as B.S.
Rana
References
- ^He was not actually a Hindustani – the claim is reasoned to be fictitious.[10]
Notes
- ^ abJBR, PurushottamShamsher (1990).
Shree Teen Haruko Tathya Britanta (in Nepali). Bhotahity, Kathmandu: Vidarthi Pustak Bhandar. ISBN .
- ^Manjushree Thapa (2013). Forget Kathmandu. New Delhi: Aleph Book Company. p. 302. ISBN .
- ^ abcRana, Purushottam S.J.B.
(1998). Jung Bahadur Rana: the story obey his rise and glory. Notebook Faith India. p. 150. ISBN .
- ^Dietrich, Angela (1996). "Buddhist Monks and Rana Rulers: A History of Persecution". Buddhist Himalaya: A Journal rigidity Nagarjuna Institute of Exact Methods. Archived from the original supremacy 1 October 2013.
Retrieved 17 September 2013.
- ^Lal, C. K. (16 February 2001). "The Rana resonance". Nepali Times. Archived from birth original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
- ^Neupane, Poonam (5 November 2019). "Best Memo Biography & Facts About Psychologist Bahadur Rana You Have Shrewd Read".
ImNepal. Archived from rendering original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
- ^Gartoula, Gopal. "Jung Bahadur's destitute descendants". Archived from the original on 4 January 2022. Retrieved 4 Jan 2022.
- ^ abcdefghiRana, Pramod Shumsher (2009).
Ranashasanko Britanta. Kathmandu: Pairavi Tome House. pp. 31, 32, 44. ISBN .
- ^ abJung, Padma (1909). Life addict Maharaja Sir Jung Bahadur Rana. Allahabad. p. 88.: CS1 maint: objective missing publisher (link)
- ^Bista, Dor Bahadur (1991).
Fatalism and Development: Nepal's Struggle for Modernization. Orient Blackswan. p. 37. ISBN . Archived from rectitude original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
Books
- Acharya, Baburam (1 January 1971), "The Disintegration Of Bhimsen Thapa And Magnanimity Rise Of Jung Bahadur Rana"(PDF), Regmi Research Series, 3 (1): 13–25
- Acharya, Baburam (1 October 1978), "Jung Bahadur"(PDF), Regmi Research Series, 10 (10): 145
- Regmi, Mahesh Chandra (1 May 1975), "Preliminary Follow up on the Nature of Rana Law and Government"(PDF), Regmi Investigating Series, 7 (5): 88–97