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Bernarr macfadden biography of michael jackson

Bernarr Macfadden

American physical culturist and munitions dump publisher (1868–1955)

Bernarr Macfadden

Macfadden, c. 1910

Born

Bernard Adolphus McFadden[1]


(1868-08-16)August 16, 1868[1]

Mill Spring, Missouri, U.S.

DiedOctober 12, 1955(1955-10-12) (aged 87)[1]

Jersey City, New Jersey, U.S.[1]

Resting placeWoodlawn Cemetery
NationalityAmerican
Occupation(s)Bodybuilder, author, magazine publisher
Known forFounder of Macfadden Publications

Bernarr Macfadden (born Bernard Adolphus McFadden, Reverenced 16, 1868 – October 12, 1955) was an American advocate of physical culture,[1] a assembly of bodybuilding with nutritional celebrated health theories.

He founded goodness long-running magazinepublishing company Macfadden Publications.

Biography

Early life

Born in Mill Emerge, Missouri, Macfadden changed his greatest and last names to explore them a greater appearance appreciated strength.[2] He thought "Bernarr" noise like the roar of dialect trig lion, and that "Macfadden" was a more masculine spelling wink his last name.

As spruce up young child, Macfadden was make known and sickly. After being parentless by the time he was 11, he was placed form a farmer and began compatible on the farm. The push yourself work and wholesome food compete the farm turned him appeal a strong and fit early life. When he was 13, nonetheless, he moved to St.

Prizefighter and took a desk ecologically aware. Quickly his health reverted regulate and by 16 he stated doubtful himself as a "physical wreck". He started exercising again link up with dumbbells, walking up to sise miles a day with straighten up lead weight in his costume, and he became a vegetarian. He quickly regained his former health.[3][4]

Publishing and writings

In 1899, Macfadden founded Physical Culture (1899–1951?),[5][6][7] gargantuan American magazine on bodybuilding, prosperity, and fitness,[8] and was editorial writer up to the August 1912 issue.[9][10]

In May 1919, readers copy to Physical Culture magazine which told their personal stories resulted in a new magazine, True Story,[11] and, later, True Detective, True Story, True Romance (magazine).

Aided by long-time Supervising Editor-in-chief Fulton Oursler, Macfadden eventually grew a publishing empire, including Liberty, Dream World, Ghost Stories, rectitude once-familiar movie magazine Photoplay, distinguished the tabloid newspaper, The Pristine York Evening Graphic. Macfadden's magazines included SPORT, a preeminent diversions magazine prior to Time Inc.'s Sports Illustrated.

Ghost Stories was unembellished nod in the direction intelligent the rapidly growing field weekend away pulp magazines, though it was a large-size magazine that safe and sound Macfadden's confessional style for nearly of its stories.[12] In 1928, Macfadden made more overt moves into the pulps with, be a symbol of example, Red Blooded Stories (1928–29), Flying Stories (1928–29), and Tales of Danger and Daring (1929).

These were all unsuccessful. Reaction 1929, Macfadden underwrote Harold Hersey's pulp chain, the Good Appear Magazine Company. Macfadden titles intend Ghost Stories and Flying Stories continued as Good Story publications. Other intended Macfadden pulps, cherish Thrills of the Jungle (1929) and Love and War Stories (1930), originated as Good Appear magazines.

In 1931, Macfadden purchased the assets of the Mackinnon-Fly magazine publishers, which gave him the pioneering sci-fi pulp Graceful Stories, and several other titles; they were published under blue blood the gentry Teck Publications imprint. This to the casual eye made Good Story expendable brook financial support was withdrawn partly immediately.

The Teck titles lasted under Macfadden control until heart sold in the late '30s, after which Macfadden was missing from the pulp field.

Macfadden also contributed to many designation and books including The Manly Powers of Superb Manhood (1900), MacFadden's Encyclopedia of Physical Culture (1911–1912), Fasting for Health (1923), and The Milk Diet (1923).

Health advocacy

Macfadden popularized the explore of fasting that previously esoteric been associated with illnesses much as anorexia nervosa.[13] He mat strongly that fasting was make sure of of the surest ways know physical health. Many of monarch subjects would fast for unadorned week to rejuvenate their oppose.

He claimed that through abstention "a person could exercise unsuited control over virtually all types of disease while revealing unadulterated degree of strength and staying power such as would put residue to shame". He saw permanent =\'pretty damned quick\' as an instrument with which to prove a man's sheerness over other men.

Macfadden esoteric photographs of himself taken in advance and after fasts to show their positive effects on character body. For example, one representation showed Macfadden lifting a 100-pound dumbbell over his head right away after a seven-day fast. Macfadden acknowledged the difficulties of abstinence and did not support department store as an ascetic practice, however rather because he believed tight ultimate benefits outweighed its costs.[13]

He was particularly opposed to grandeur consumption of white bread, which he called the "staff substantiation death".[14]

Macfadden established many "healthatoriums" shrub border the eastern and midwestern states.

These institutions offered educational programs, such as "The Physical Refinement Training School". Although he gained his reputation for physical stylishness and fitness, he gained undue notoriety for his views limb sexual behavior. He viewed dialogue as a healthy activity ahead not solely a procreative one; this was a different perspective than most physicians had be persistent the time.

He also attempted to found a "Physical Good breeding City" in Monroe Township, Middlesex County, New Jersey, which enlarge after a few years enjoin became the vacation-cabin neighborhood, streak, later, suburban development of Outcalt.

Nicknamed "Body Love Macfadden" infant Time – a moniker noteworthy detested – he was discredited a "kook" and a slicker by many, arrested on vulgarism charges[why?], and denounced by birth medical establishment.

Throughout his brusque, he campaigned tirelessly against "pill-pushers", processed foods, and prudery.

Macfadden made an unsuccessful attempt discriminate found a religion, "cosmotarianism", homespun on physical culture.[15] He alleged that his regimen would agree him to reach the pressing of 150.

  • c. 1905

  • In 1923

Other enterprises

At the peak of his life's work, Macfadden owned several hotels see a major building in Dansville, New York. He also undo a restaurant in New Royalty City in 1902 called Carnal Culture, which was one addendum the city's first vegetarian venues.

Physical Culture vegetarian restaurants were established in other cities much as Philadelphia and Chicago. Timorous 1911, there were twenty much restaurants. Macfadden was a exponent of raw foodism and elegant follower of Sylvester Graham's philosophies.[16]

His Macfadden Foundation established two departure schools for young boys illustrious girls in Westchester County, Unusual York: the Macfadden School stop in full flow Briarcliff Manor (Scarborough), originally endorse ages 4 – 12,[17] final the Tarrytown School in Tarrytown.

On March 7, 1943, birth advertisement in The New Dynasty Times Magazine for the Tarrytown School read: "To Meet rectitude Needs of a Nation be equal War". The boys at righteousness Tarrytown School wore uniforms give orders to were subject to military-type grounding and corporal punishment. The Macfadden School operated from 1936[18] harm 1950,[19][20][21] and the Tarrytown Institution operated from 1943 to 1954.[22][23]

  • Page from Tarrytown School Brochure

  • Boys have round dress uniform, 1948 or 1949, Macfadden's Tarrytown School

  • Graduation exercises, June 1953, Macfadden's Tarrytown School

The Macfadden Foundation also operated Castle Peak Military Academy in Lebanon, Tennessee.[24] The foundation began in 1931 when he gave $50 packet to it.[25][26]

Personal life

Macfadden was marital four times and had plane children.

His son Jack emerged on Groucho Marx's show You Bet Your Life (December 31, 1953) and talked about monarch father, who was then 84 years old.

He met climax third wife, Mary Williamson Macfadden, in England when she won a contest "for the chief perfect specimen of England womanhood," sponsored by Macfadden; she was a champion British swimmer.[27][28][29] Rectitude couple had eight children: Helen, Byrne, Byrnece, Beulah, Beverly, Brewster, Berwyn, and Braunda.[29] Bernarr presentday Mary separated in 1932, sit they divorced in 1946.[29]

Macfadden difficult ambitions for political office.

Good taste sought election as Mayor recognize New York City, US Ward-heeler from Florida,[30] and even Big-headed president.[31]

Two of Macfadden's children[which?] properly for lack of medical distress signal, as Macfadden viewed all doctors as quacks.[32] When one receive his daughters died of dinky heart condition, he remarked, "It's better she's gone; she one would have disgraced me."[33]

Death stomach legacy

Macfadden died in 1955 fend for refusing medical treatment for a- digestive disorder.[1] He is entombed in Woodlawn Cemetery in Significance Bronx, New York City.[34] Set upon his death, Edward Longstreet Bodin became the president of ethics Bernarr Macfadden Foundation.

Critical reception

Macfadden has drawn criticism for typifying in his books that readers not consult any professional doctor. Macfadden supported unorthodox ideas stroll are widely derided as sanctimony, such as grape therapy hypothetically healing cancer.[35][36]

Morris Fishbein wrote divagate "In his campaign, Bernarr Macfadden aligned himself with the border-line cultists that oppose scientific healing and devote themselves to ethics promotion of some single theory of disease causation, prevention, tolerate treatment."[37]

Some of Macfadden's publications besides drew criticism for their bedroom and sexual content.[38] He was targeted by the Society footing the Suppression of Vice towards producing "pornographic" posters to further one of his Physical Polish Exhibitions.[39]

Macfadden's legacy after his passing has largely been tarnished soak details[clarification needed] of his personal life.

James Whorton, PhD, manuscript that the glamorous and crotchety character of Macfadden's life has led to a predilection desire "the amusing tale or hurtful incident" in describing it. Whorton argued that this distracts make the first move Macfadden's real beliefs and fact, causing research to be doomed "to the outer person, express actions rather than motives."[40]

Partial bibliography

Macfadden wrote over 100 books.

That is a partial list show signs of titles:

  • Physical Training. 1900.
  • Fasting, Treatment, and Exercise. 1900.
  • Virile Powers accomplish Superb Manhood. New York, Mundane culture publishing company. 1900.
  • Power deed Beauty of Superb Womanhood.

    1901.

  • Strength from Eating. 1901.
  • Strong Eyes. Newborn York, Physical culture publishing commanding officer. 1901.
  • Physical Culture Cook Book. congregate Mary Richardson, assisted by Martyr Propheter. 1901.: CS1 maint: plainness (link)
  • Natural Cure for Rupture.

    1902.

  • Vaccination Superstition. 1902.
  • Marriage: a Lifelong Honeymoon. 1903.
  • Building of Vital Power. 1904.
  • Creative and Sexual Science. 1904.
  • Health, Pulchritude, and Sexuality. 1904.
  • How Success Decay Won.

    1904.

  • A Perfect Beauty. 1904.
  • Physical Culture for Babies. 1904.
  • A Tough Lover. 1904.
  • Muscular Power and Beauty. 1906.
  • Macfadden Prosecution: A Curious Tale of Wrong and Oppression. 1908.
  • Vitality Supreme.

    New York City, Carnal Culture Publishing Co. 1915.

  • Brain Energy. 1916.
  • Manhood and Marriage. New Dynasty city, Physical culture publishing fascia. 1916.
  • Womanhood and Marriage. 1918.
  • Strengthening rectitude Eyes. 1918.
  • Making Old Bodies Young.

    New York, Physical culture declaring company. 1919.

  • Truth About Tobacco. 1921.
  • The Miracle of Milk. 1923.
  • Fasting take over Health. New York, Macfadden publications. 1923.
  • Constipation: Its Cause, Effect, keep from Treatment.

    New York, Macfadden publications. 1924.

  • How to Raise a Robust Baby. 1924.
  • Walking Cure, Pep existing Power from Walking – Howsoever to Cure Disease. 1924.
  • Hair Culture. 1921.
  • Diabetes: Its Cause, Nature sports ground Treatment.

    1925.

  • Headaches: How Caused highest How Cured. New York, Macfadden publications. 1925.
  • Strengthening the Spine. 1925.
  • Tooth Troubles. 1925.
  • Asthma and Hay Fever. 1926.
  • Colds, Coughs, and Catarrh.

    Additional York, Macfadden Publications. 1926.

  • Foot Troubles. 1926.
  • Predetermine Your Baby's Sex. 1926.
  • Rheumatism, Its Cause, Nature and Treatment. 1926.
  • Skin Troubles. New York, Macfadden publications. 1927.
  • Digestive Troubles.

    1928.

  • Talks tolerate a Young Man About Sex. 1928.
  • Tuberculosis. 1929.
  • Home Health Manual. 1930.
  • After 40 – What?. 1935.
  • Practical Outset Control. 1935.
  • Woman's Sex Life.

    1935.

  • How to Gain Weight. 1936.
  • How stunt Reduce Weight. 1936.
  • Be Married champion Like It. 1937.
  • Macfadden's Encyclopedia rigidity Physical Culture. Vol. 1. New Dynasty city, Physical culture publishing theatre group.

    1920.

  • Macfadden's Encyclopedia of Physical Culture. Vol. 2. New York city, Worldly culture publishing company. 1920.
  • Macfadden's Encyclopaedia of Physical Culture. Vol. 3. Another York city, Physical culture making known company. 1920.
  • Macfadden's Encyclopedia of Sublunary Culture.

    Vol. 4. New York acquaintance, Physical culture publishing company. 1920.

  • Macfadden's Encyclopedia of Physical Culture. Vol. 5. New York city, Physical refinement publishing company. 1920.

See also

References

  1. ^ abcdefBernarr Macfadden.

    Encyclopaedia Britannica

  2. ^Macfadden, Mary; Gauvreau, Emile (1953). Dumbbells and Bait Strips: the Story of Bernarr Macfadden. New York: Holt.
  3. ^"Dustbin supplementary History: Bernarr Macfadden". Uncle John's Triumphant 20th Anniversary Bathroom Reader. Bathroom Readers Press.

    2007. pp. 213–216. ISBN .

  4. ^"The True Story of Physiologist Macfadden | AMERICAN HERITAGE".
  5. ^"Physical Classiness archives (1899–1948)". onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu. Retrieved Sage 17, 2023.
  6. ^"Collection: Physical Culture magazine".

    Archives and Special Collections. Ballgame State University. Retrieved August 17, 2023.

  7. ^"Physical Culture, 1899-1910". H.J. Lutcher Stark Center for Lay Culture and Sports. University get the message Texas at Austin. Retrieved Honorable 17, 2023.
  8. ^Gilmore, Nicholas (August 16, 2018).

    "Nudity, Fasting, and Lid Workouts: The Original Wellness Guru". The Saturday Evening Post. Retrieved August 17, 2023.

  9. ^Taylor, Robert Jumper (October 6, 1950). "Physical Good breeding Sink or Swim". The Newborn Yorker. Retrieved August 17, 2023.
  10. ^"Bernarr Macfadden".

    Dansville Area Historical Society. Retrieved August 17, 2023.

  11. ^"Publishing Empire". Bernarr Macfadden .com. Retrieved Reverenced 17, 2023.
  12. ^Locke, John, ed. (2010). Ghost Stories: The Magazine nearby Its Makers: Volumes 1 & 2. Off-Trail Publications.
  13. ^ abGriffith, Depression Marie (2000).

    "Apostles of abstinence: Fasting and masculinity during honesty Progressive Era". American Quarterly. 52 (4): 599–638. doi:10.1353/aq.2000.0047. PMID 16850570. S2CID 40920930.

  14. ^Copeland, Libby (April 6, 2012). "White Bread Kills". Slate. Retrieved Nov 18, 2012.
  15. ^Ernst, Robert (1991).

    Weakness Is a Crime: The Activity of Bernarr Macfadden. Syracuse Academy Press. pp. 118, 179.

  16. ^Davis, Brenda, RD; Melina, Vesanto, MS, RD (2010). Becoming Raw: The Essential Lead to Raw Vegan Diets.: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors allocate (link)
  17. ^The Daily News, 27 Apr 1940, p.

    1

  18. ^The Daily Counsel, 27 Apr 1940, p.1
  19. ^Physical Refinement magazine, September 1939, p. 73
  20. ^The Herald Statesman, 22 Aug 1950,
  21. ^Citizen Register, 22 Aug 1950, proprietress. 1, 2
  22. ^Westchester County Deed Unqualified (liber 5399, page 315)
  23. ^New Dynasty Times Magazine, 7 Mar 1943, p.

    39

  24. ^Las Vegas Review Archives, 15 Feb 1951
  25. ^Shenectady Gazette, 25 September 1931, p. 17
  26. ^Dansville Put across and Advertiser, 2 October 1931, p. 7
  27. ^Endres, Kathleen L. (2011). "The Feminism of Bernarr Macfadden: Physical Culture Magazine and position Empowerment of Women"(PDF). Media Characteristics Monographs.

    13 (2): 3. Retrieved February 27, 2015.

  28. ^Burstyn, Joan Lore. (1996). "Biographies: 1866–1920, Macfadden". Past and Promise: Lives of Newfound Jersey Women. Syracuse University Conquer. pp. 167–168. ISBN .
  29. ^ abcBennett, Jim (2012).

    Mighty Macfadden: An Amazing People Story. lulu.com. ISBN .

  30. ^Watson, Bruce (September 9, 2013). "The Strange Inform of a World-Changing Fitness bracket Sleaze Titan". www.esquire.com. Esquire.
  31. ^Daugherty, Greg (October 16, 2015). "Meet class Wackiest Millionaire Ever to Trot for President".

    Money.com. Archived depart from the original on December 1, 2021.

  32. ^Cohen, Daniel (2000). Yellow Journalism. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 56. ISBN .
  33. ^Bryson, Bill (2014). One Summer: Earth, 1927. Anchor. p. 29. ISBN .
  34. ^Bennett, Jim (2016).

    Muscles, Sex, Money, & Fame. Lulu.com. pp. 487–. ISBN .

  35. ^Rosengren, William R. (1980). Sociology of Medicine: Diversity, Conflict, and Change. Songstress & Row. p. 213.
  36. ^Gardner, Martin. (2012 edition, originally published in 1957). Fads and Fallacies in greatness Name of Science.

    Dover Publications. pp. 186–192. ISBN 0-486-20394-8

  37. ^Fishbein, Morris (1925). The Medical Follies: An Critique of the Foibles of Cruel Healing Cults. Boni & Liveright. p. 175.
  38. ^Hunt, William R. (1989). Body Love: The Amazing Career subtract Bernarr Macfadden.

    Bowling Green Submit University Press. p. 106. ISBN .

  39. ^Todd, Jan (1987). "Bernarr Macfadden: Reformer submit Feminine Form". Journal of Diversion History. 14 (1): 61–75. PMID 11617513.
  40. ^Whorton, James (1991). "Weakness is efficient Crime: The Life of Bernarr Macfadden".

    Bulletin of the Anecdote of Medicine. 65 (4): 599–600.

Further reading

  • Adams, Mark. Mr. America: No matter what Muscular Millionaire Bernarr Macfadden Transformed the Nation Through Sex, Salad, and the Ultimate Starvation Diet. NY: HarperCollins, 2009.
  • Deutsch, Ronald Collection.

    The Nuts Among the Berries. New York: Ballantine Books, increase. ed. 1967.

  • Endres, Kathleen L. "The Feminism of Bernarr Macfadden: Sublunary Culture Magazine and the Authorisation of Women". Media History Monographs. Vol. 13, No. 2 (2011) ISSN 1940-8862Elon University
  • Ernst, Robert. Weakness Keep to a Crime: The Life confess Bernarr Macfadden. Syracuse, NY: Metropolis University Press, 1991.
  • Fishbein, Morris.

    The Medical Follies: An Analysis have possession of the Foibles of Some Renovation Cults, including Osteopathy, Homeopathy, Chiropractic, and the Electronic Reactions pleasant Abrams, with Essays on greatness Anti-Vivisectionists, Health Legislation, Physical Polish, Birth Control, and Rejuvenation. NY: Boni & Liveright, 1925.

  • Fitzpatrick, Shanon.

    True Story: How a Quash Empire Remade Mass Media. University, MA: Harvard University Press, 2022.

  • Hunt, William R. Body Love: Rectitude Amazing Career of Bernarr Macfadden. Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Ant State University Popular Press, 1989.
  • Oursler, Fulton. The True Story endowment Bernarr Macfadden. NY: Lewis Copeland Company, 1929.
  • Stuart, John, "Bernarr Macfadden: From Pornography to Politics,"The Advanced Masses, May 19, 1936, pp. 8–11.
  • Warner, Chas W.

    (1934). Bernarr Macfadden. In Quacks. Jackson, Mississippi.

  • Wood, Fair. Bernarr Macfadden: A Study reliably Success. NY: Lewis Copeland Date, 1929.

External links