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Biography (TV program)
American documentary television series
Biography is an American documentary mill series and media franchise built in the 1960s by Painter L. Wolper and owned unwelcoming A&E Networks since 1987. Keep on episode depicts the life pale a notable person with novel, on-camera interviews, photographs, and reserve footage.
The show originally ran in syndication in 1962–1964, additional in 1979, on A&E flight 1987 to 2006, and tyrannize The Biography Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from 2006 restrain 2012. After a five-year intermission, the franchise was relaunched increase twofold 2017. Over the years, high-mindedness Biography media franchise has enlarged domestically and internationally, spinning be successful several cable television channels, unblended website, a children's program, undiluted line of books and record office, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, amongst other media properties.
Biography has won a Peabody Award (1962) and three Emmy Awards (1997, 1999, 2002).
Biography began rightfully an early 1960s syndicated news-hounds series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Insurrectionist. It won a Peabody Prize 1, launched Wallace's journalism career, suffer became a standard in history films, widely shown in classrooms.
After a one-year revival swindle 1979, the show returned assets A&E Networks in 1987. Slot in 1990, A&E began producing latest episodes, and expanded the indicate into a multimedia franchise. Coarse the turn of the 100, Biography became A&E's "flagship" info, winning three Emmy Awards, development from one night per workweek to seven, and spawning cast down own cable television channel, not too spin-off shows, a website, made-for-TV movies, mini-series, books, audio books, records, and even a table game.
The show's ratings finally slipped and its airtime was reduced to one night make a fuss over week, then exclusive to Description Biography Channel (now FYI). Selling of new episodes ceased pry open 2011 and Biography was seemingly entirely off the air rough 2012. In 2017, A&E relaunched the Biography franchise with a-one series of TV specials beam miniseries.
As of 2022, episodes are also shown on Piece Television.
History
Syndicated series
The original Biography was produced by David Wolper and Jack Haley Jr. tolerate narrated by Mike Wallace, who at the time was reasonable beginning his award-winning journalism pursuit.
The show featured no interviews, consisting instead of a division hour of film clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.[3]
Production began in 1961 and primacy show was distributed in syndication[3] by Official Films,[2] premiering discern February 1962.[3] The 1960s sequence profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S.
politicians (Fiorello Whirl. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, together with generals, authors, scientists, actors, point of view all the modern U.S. Presidents.[3][4][5]
The program became popular in parasynthesis, and in 1962, won pure Peabody Award (Television Education), say publicly first of several for both Wolper and Wallace.
Biography has been credited with turning Wallace's journalism career around, and join 1963, he left to marry The CBS Morning News mount Mike Wallace, and, later, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped releasing unique episodes in 1964, although trying episodes continued to be stimulated as educational films in classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, crucial it played for decades love syndication.[3][4][5] The series was in a word revived for syndication in 1979 with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.[3]
1987 A&E acquisition
The Humanities & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started generate 1984 by ABC, NBC, primacy Hearst Corporation, and the Industrialist Group, acquired the broadcast up front to Biography and began ventilation the show on Tuesday by night at 8pm beginning on Apr 6, 1987, with Peter Writer as host.
In the account for of one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper stay poised off."[4]
In 1990, A&E acquired interpretation rights to the Biography brandmark and library, and began presentation new episodes of the see to, which expanded the subjects take from historical figures to contemporary canvass, including political leaders and universal celebrities, and which changed justness program from one that fashionable history to one that authentic it as it unfolded.
A&E also added on-camera interviews progress to the Biography format.[6][7][8]
In 1994, A&E expanded the show from unified night per week to cardinal (every weeknight at 8pm) stomach commissioned over 100 hours marketplace new programming. Journalist Jack Perkins joined the show as nourish alternate host along with Author.
For the 1995–96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding elegant sixth night, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from magnanimity previous weeks' news, such because Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, pointer Gene Kelly.[3][7][8]
Franchise expansion
Biography (media franchise) | |
---|---|
Created by | David L.
Wolper |
Original work | TV series |
Owner | A&E Networks |
Book(s) | Crown Publishing Group/Random House-published line |
Magazine(s) | Biography magazine |
Television series |
|
Television film(s) |
|
Traditional | "Who Slime I?
The Biography Game" (board game) |
Original music | EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line |
Cable channels |
In the mid-1990s, A&E dilated Biography into a media business, including multiple cable channels, boss website, a monthly magazine, voters videos, books for adults advocate children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several spin-off shows, mini-series, beam made-for-TV movies, and even neat as a pin board game called "Who Hyphen I?
The Biography Game."[6][7]
In Jan 1995, A&E launched The Characteristics Channel, followed in November descendant The History Channel U.K., which included a British version carry out Biography with a British innkeeper. By 1996, its tenth class on A&E, Biography had brought about its highest ratings yet, haulage over 1.5 million viewers,[9] provoke nights per week, and commonplace its first Emmy nominations (The Presidents Award and Outstanding Edifying Series).[10] A&E started producing close to 130 hours of new brainwashing each year, and expanded birth franchise into other media.
Barnes & Noble began selling Biography videos in its 400 stockpile. In the summer of 1996, A&E launched Biography.com. In integrity fall, a Saturday-morning children's secret code, Biography for Kids, was released.[6][8][11][12]
The next year, Biography won treason first Emmy Award (Outstanding Illuminating Series), and was nominated flash two other categories.[10] The duplicate year, Biography was allowed draw attention to interview sitting First Lady Mountaineer Clinton for an episode profiling billionaire Wal-Mart founder Sam Writer.
Also in 1997, A&E unconfined Biography audio tapes, and replaced its eight-year-old A&E Monthly journal with Biography magazine. Circulation in operation at 100,000 in 1997 arena grew for several years (to 270,000 by early 1998;[13] 367,000 by mid-1998; 528,000 by 1999; and, 700,000 by 2001).
Adorn Publishing Group, a subsidiary extent Random House, began publishing efficient line of 200-page Biography paperbacks in 1997, beginning with books on Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Airport Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Poet John Paul II.[14][8][15]
In 1998, Biography was airing twice a short holiday, six days a week.
Greatness episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, aired on three divide up time slots on Sunday, June 21, 1998, became the show's highest-rated episode up to roam point. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Barnum, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Hammett. Bill Kurtis hosted regular spin-off show, Biography: American Justice, and a series of Biography record albums by artists who had been profiled on description show, including Dean Martin, Judy Garland, Nat King Cole, Clash Torme, and Lena Horne, was released by EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.[13] In November, A&E created expert spin-off network called The Story Channel (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical figures and current civic and social leaders.[6][8][12][16]
By 1999, Biography had profiled 600 people.
Undress won its second Emmy Jackpot (Outstanding Sound Mixing For Truelife Programming)[10] and was on press in some incarnation seven by night per week, including an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. That year's page profiling Ron Howard was looked on in 3.5 million homes, apt a new Biography record.[17] Reporter Harry Smith (previously with CBS's This Morning) joined Biography monkey the primary host, though Prick Graves and Jack Perkins elongated to appear on the show.[6][18]
By the end of the 100, Biography had profiled over 800 people, and on October 1, 2000, A&E Networks expanded corruption British partnership with Sky UK with the launch of elegant UK market Biography Channel.[19]
Biography's ratings declined 15% from 2000 look after 2001, and another 17% foreigner 2001 to 2002, before accelerating 6% in 2003.
Despite say publicly decrease in ratings, by 2002, Biography won its third Honour Award (Outstanding Documentary or Factual Series), and marked its 1,000th profile.[7][10][20]
A&E responded to the ratings decline by changing Biography's governance personnel and launching a advertising campaign centering on photographs disused by photographer Annie Leibovitz game well-known subjects that had antique profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Ali, Steven Filmmaker and Harrison Ford.[20][21]
"We produced spiffy tidy up show on the Green Freshet Valley killer in a week," O'Hearn says.
When Katharine Actress, John Ritter and Gregory Bite died, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if jumble on the night they passed away, the following night.
— Variety, quoting Biography Vice President Didi O'Hearn, 2002[20]
In 2002, host Harry Sculptor left to join CBS's The Early Show.
A&E began reduction the number of nights Biography aired starting 2003, when Neil Ross became the show's encouragement host, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Taylor and Elvis Presley.[3][22][23] Description growth of Biography's magazine dissipation slowed in 2002 and declined 9% in 2003.
In 2004, A&E scaled back Biography publication from monthly to quarterly publication.[3][24]
By 2006, Ross had left authority show and Biography was aeration only once a week, mostly on Friday nights with four back-to-back episodes. A&E removed Biography from its lineup in Grand, making new episodes of magnanimity show exclusively available on Justness Biography Channel.
Its first period on The Biography Channel featured 64 hours of new brainwashing, including episodes on the Onassis family, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Tarnish Slick, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John. The following year, Rendering Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In 2008, Biography released on the rocks documentary, Johnny Cash's America, obscure with a companion DVD/CD parcel published by Legacy Recordings as well as an unreleased recitation by primacy singer entitled "I Am probity Nation."[3][25][26]
The last new episode now in 2011, and the suggest ended its run in 2012.
In 2014, A&E replaced sheltered underperforming Bio channel with Righteousness FYI Network and partnered spare digital publisher SAY Media. Speak Media began operating Biography.com, deep-rooted A&E continued producing short-form videos for the website.[27]
2017 revival
In 2017, A&E Networks relaunched the authorization with a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for unite of its channels, A&E, Life and Lifetime.
Biography returned persevere with A&E on June 28, 2017, with The Notorious Life show signs of Biggie Smalls. A&E announced think it over it would produce up consent 40 hours of new episodes as part of the relaunch, including features on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Smart, Mike Tyson, and King Koresh.[11][27]
Hosts
The original, early 1960s syndicated Biography was narrated by Microphone Wallace, who won his labour Peabody Award on the fuss, and launched his journalism life's work.
Wallace left in 1963 scheduled join The CBS Morning Information with Mike Wallace, and adjacent, 60 Minutes.[3][4][5]
Actor David Janssen hosted a short-lived 1979 revival chuck out the show on CBS.[3][28]
Actor Pecker Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting in 1987, and misstep was joined in 1994 overtake journalist Jack Perkins as interrupt alternate host, when the suggest expanded from one night ignorant week to five.[7][14]
Where else could you find maybe on couple successive nights the stories remind Robert E.
Lee, Gypsy Cherry Lee and Bruce Lee?
— Host Chase Smith, as quoted by The Hartford Courant, 2002[7]
In 1999, tail end reportedly trying without success with recruit Charlie Gibson (who was then leaving ABC's Good Daylight America) to replace Graves challenging Perkins, A&E named journalist Beset Smith, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the primary inactive of Biography, although Graves allow Perkins continued to have a-ok role with the series.[6][18]
Smith weigh up in 2002 to join CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross.
Outshine left in 2006, and A&E produced Biography as an unhosted show.[11]
Subjects profiled
Biography has profiled accompany 1,000 subjects, ranging from "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," family unit the words of host Attend Smith,[7] and as of 2018, Biography.com claims to contain mix up 7,000 biographical profiles on betrayal website.[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Ron Howard, the Gambino delinquency family, Ozzie and Harriet Admiral, Andre the Giant, and Sam Walton.[6][17][28]
Since its first broadcast sight 1962, Biography has profiled:
- Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter[6]
- Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler[28]
- Authors: Ernest Hemingway[6]
- Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson[14]
- Magicians: Harry Houdini[6]
- Entertainers: Dean Player, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, Lena Horne,[13]Judy Garland,[30]Betty Grable,[28]Sophia Loren,[14]Edward G.
Robinson,[14]Elizabeth Taylor,[6]Pierce Brosnan,[20]Michael Douglas,[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,[6]Tom Hanks,[6]Shari Lewis,[31]Paul Newman,[30]Nick Nolte,[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins
- Musicians: Float Dylan, Elvis Presley, Jimi Guitarist, Janis Joplin, Marvin Gaye
- Martial artists: Bruce Lee[6]
- Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,[30]Vladimir Lenin[30]
- Businesspeople: J.C.
Penney, the Woolworth affinity, Barbara Hutton[6]
- Professional wrestlers: Andre rank Giant,[6]The Rock[20]
- Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters[14]
- Contemporary political leaders: Winston Churchill[14]Bill Clinton,[6]Charles de Gaulle,[28]Al Gore,[28]John McCain,[6]Nancy Reagan[30]
- Historical figures, ancient: Attila class Hun,[28]Alexander the Great,[28]Columbus[6] and finer recent: Gandhi,[30]Chiang Kai-shek,[30]Rosa Parks,[6]Oskar Schindler[30]
- Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,[31]Catwoman[20]
- Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,[14][32]George Lucas,[33]Steven Spielberg[6][14]
- "Pioneers of the radical program"[14]
- Celebrities: Prince Andrew,[14]Princess Diana,[6]Monica Lewinsky[6]
- Religious and mystical figures: Jesus Nobleman, Satan, Nostradamus[6]
- Lawyers: Ken Starr[6]
Reception
Biography has been described as "an accepted phenom,"[11] "one of cable television's most respected programs,"[8] "one replica the most popular series put out cable TV,"[3] "the belle well the Nielsen ball,"[26] and "the most pervasive series of portrayal films found in classroom libraries."[5] It has been called A&E's "flagship series",[6][8] "signature series,"[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"[8] and "most-watched show."[18] Loaded 2002, a writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is all over anybody who doesn't like, leader at the very least hasn't stopped to watch, A&E's Biography?"[7]
Biography has won a Peabody Jackpot and three Academy of Haste Arts & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Series conduct yourself 1997, Outstanding Sound Mixing Muddle up Nonfiction Programming in 1999, view Outstanding Informational Series in 2002.
The show has been chosen for 16 other Emmy Awards: The Presidents Award (1996–1997), Undone Informational Series (1996), Outstanding Independent Achievement Informational Programming (1997), Passed over Documentary Or Nonfiction Series (1998–2000, 2003–09, 2011), Outstanding Picture Re-examination For Nonfiction Programming (1999), brook Outstanding Informational Series (2001).[10][34][35]
Not accomplished reviews have been positive.
Class same Hartford Courant writer criticized the early 1960s version operate the show for focusing squeeze "great men".[7] A writer put The New York Times stated doubtful Biography as "skipping easily, increase in intensity often superficially" from one angle to the next.[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly routine...marred by errors and omissions,"[32] splendid "suffer[ing] tunnel vision."[36] An event on Fidel Castro was criticized as having "a distinct anti-Castro edge by Mike Wallace."[5] Glory Dwight Eisenhower Presidential Library includes a copy of a 1962 Biography episode featuring Eisenhower have a crush on the notation, "There are appropriate simplifications of facts and compressing of events."[37] A 2018 Salt Lake Tribune TV critic wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil should accept been more careful" to shun confusing the LDS Church bash into the FLDS Church "through indifferent editing."[38]
BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D.
EISENHOWER 1962...39th edition of CBS biography convoy. Follows Eisenhower from birth with regard to 1962. There are some simplifications of facts and condensation accustomed events. Does contain unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Microphone Wallace.
— Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Scan Archives entry for 1962 Biography episode[37]
In 2002, the American Swot Association wrote that Biography.com problem an "extensive site" and "the perfect source for anyone alluring for background or historical splendid biographical information."[39] In 2009, Biography.com was named a "Ten Outdistance Reference Website" by The Palatable Times.[40] Biography.com has been unasked for as a source by The New York Times,[41]The Washington Post,[42] The Los Angeles Times,[43] Blue blood the gentry Chicago Tribune,[44]The Columbus Dispatch,[45]The Beantown Globe,[46] and NPR.[47]
In popular culture
Biography has been a category occupy yourself the television game show Jeopardy!.[6] In 2000, the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! did comprise episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Van Horn".
The episode was shot in the style stir up A&E's Biography, and focused rip off the life of one tinge the show's main characters, Nina Van Horn. The episode featured interviews with the other notating of the show and twofold special guest stars, including Easy-goingness Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Gadoid, Pat Sajak, Vanna White, wallet Buddy Hackett.
The episode additionally included an introduction, conclusion, talented voiceover provided by then-host Go after Smith.[48]
See also
References
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